Base Oil
Base oils
Also known as: lubes
Base oils are one of the specialty products that can be produced by a refinery.
Base oils are not a fuel. They are blendstocks used to formulate a variety of lubricating oils for use in engines and other machinery.
Base oils are produced by extracting and treating high-viscosity material from narrow distillation cuts of vacuum gasoil or vacuum resid. This requires special processing through a number of different units comprising the lubes plant.
Producing base oil is typically very profitable for a refinery, because it allows the refiner to take some of the lowest valued part of crude oil, vacuum gasoil, or vacuum resid, and sell it as a high-valued specialty product. However, base oil production facilities have a relatively high capital cost per barrel, so only a subset of refiners have installed them.
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中国市场需求
2018-2022年，国内基础油进口量小幅整理为主，年平均进口量在247.99万吨，进口量波动空间在6万-40万吨之间，进口贸易伙伴以韩国、新加坡、中国台湾等为主，主要进口资源为二类、三类基础油。 2022年，从基础油进口量按照贸易伙伴来看，韩国、新加坡、中国台湾位列前三位。其中，自韩国进口基础油占全国基础油进口的37.17%，位列第一位；自新加坡进口基础油占比24.15%，位列第二位；自中国台湾进口基础油20.43万吨，占比11.44%，位列第三位。
从近三年数据来看，基础油主要进口贸易伙伴基本固定，进口量随着当年国内需求情况同步调整，来自韩国的基础油以双龙、SK、GS等二类及三类基础油为主；新加坡以美孚、壳牌三类基础油为主；中国台湾以台塑二类基础油为主，生产企业为台塑集团。以市场主要流通产品台塑基础油来看，台塑集团年产能60万吨，所产产品除20%自用外，其余80%左右均销往大陆，产品型号为二类基础油150N、500N，产品质量稳定，国内市场认可度较高，是二类进口基础油的主要供应来源。