Naphtha is a term used to refer to a group of volatile, flammable mixtures of liquid hydrocarbons[2] that are used mainly as solvents, diluents, or raw materials for gasoline conversion. It is a lightweight petrochemical feedstock that is separated from crude oil in the fractional distillation process along with kerosene and jet fuel.[3]

There are many specific types of naphtha that vary in the amounts and types of hydrocarbons contained in their unique blend.[4]> Refineries can produce various forms of naphtha, and each has specific guidelines in how it should be handled and stored. Generally speaking, the flammability and volatility of naphtha should be taken into consideration as they are significant safety hazards.

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Uses and Safety

As mentioned above, naphtha is commonly used as a solvent. It is used in hydrocarbon cracking, laundry soaps, and cleaning fluids. Naphtha is also used to make varnishes, and sometimes is used as a fuel for camp stoves and as a solvent (diluent) for paint.[5] Although naphtha has many uses, some forms of it can be dangerous. Many kinds of naphtha can cause skin irritation, upset stomachs, and other health problems if people are exposed to them. Some forms are also carcinogens, and thus inhalation or ingestion of the chemical should be avoided. 

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石脑油(naphtha)又叫化工轻油，是石油产品之一，是以原油或其他原料加工生产的用于化工原料的轻质油，主要用作重整和化工原料。因用途不同有各种不同的馏程，中国规定馏程为初馏点至220℃左右。作为生产芳烃的重整原料时，采用70℃-145℃馏分，称轻石脑油;用作溶剂时，则称溶剂石脑油;以生产高辛烷值汽油为目的时，采用70℃-180℃馏分，称重石脑油;来自煤焦油的芳香族溶剂也称重石脑油或溶剂石脑油。

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近年来，我国石脑油产量逐渐增加。2020年石脑油产量进一步增加至4232.0万吨，同比增长8.6%，产量实现连续五年增长; 2021年我国石脑油产量4951.7万吨，同比增长12.6%， 2022年中国石脑油产量为5893.3万吨，同比增长19%。

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​主要进口货源国为韩国、俄罗斯、阿联酋、卡塔尔、阿尔及利亚、马来西亚、印度、科威特、新加坡、沙特。

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